What is Root Races?

TheosophyConcept

Last updated: February 25, 2026

In Theosophy, the major evolutionary stages of humanity.

Root Races in Theosophy represent the seven major evolutionary stages through which humanity progresses over vast periods of cosmic time. Helena Blavatsky and other Theosophical teachers described these as distinct phases of human development, each with unique physical, mental, and spiritual characteristics. Currently, humanity is said to be in the Fifth Root Race, with each race developing specific faculties and consciousness levels through cycles of incarnation and spiritual evolution.

Understanding Root Races in Theosophy

In Theosophy, the major evolutionary stages of humanity.

In Theosophical cosmology, the concept of Root Races posits that humanity evolves through a series of distinct, successive stages, each representing a major epoch in terrestrial and spiritual development. These races are not merely biological classifications but encompass profound changes in consciousness, physical form, and spiritual capabilities, reflecting the Earth's own evolutionary journey. Helena Blavatsky, a co-founder of Theosophy, extensively detailed these Root Races in her seminal work, 'The Secret Doctrine,' presenting them as a framework for understanding human history and destiny from a spiritual perspective. This concept is crucial for grasping Theosophy's cyclical view of evolution, which integrates physical, mental, and spiritual progression over vast cosmic periods.

What the Teachers Say

Helena Blavatsky
The Secret Doctrine

Blavatsky outlined the fundamental concept of Root Races as seven great evolutionary cycles spanning millions of years. She described the First Root Race as ethereal beings, the Second as more substantial but still non-physical, and the Third (Lemurian) as the first to develop physical bodies. The Fourth Root Race, the Atlanteans, developed psychic powers and advanced civilization before their destruction. According to Blavatsky, the current Fifth Root Race, the Aryan, emerged to develop intellectual faculties and rational thought.

Annie Besant
Man and His Bodies

Besant expanded on Blavatsky's teachings by emphasizing the spiritual evolution occurring within each Root Race cycle. She explained that each Root Race develops specific aspects of human consciousness, with the current Fifth Root Race focused on developing the mental body and rational faculties. Besant taught that the Sixth Root Race would emerge to develop intuitive wisdom and spiritual insight. Her work clarified how individual souls progress through multiple incarnations within each Root Race to master its particular evolutionary lessons.

Charles Leadbeater
Man Visible and Invisible

Leadbeater provided detailed descriptions of the subtle body development that occurs throughout the Root Race cycles. He taught that each Root Race corresponds to the evolution of specific vehicles of consciousness, from the physical body in early races to the development of astral and mental bodies in later stages. Leadbeater's clairvoyant investigations claimed to reveal the actual conditions and characteristics of past Root Races, particularly the advanced civilizations of Atlantis and Lemuria.

Root Races vs. Sub-Races

While Root Races represent major evolutionary epochs spanning millions of years, Sub-Races are smaller divisions within each Root Race that develop over shorter periods. Understanding this distinction clarifies the hierarchical nature of Theosophical evolutionary theory.

AspectRoot RacesSub-Races
Time ScaleMillions of years per cycleThousands to hundreds of thousands of years
Scope of ChangeFundamental shifts in human consciousness and formRefinements within existing evolutionary stage
Geographic DistributionSpans entire continents and civilizationsDevelops in specific regions or cultures
Spiritual DevelopmentEvolution of major faculties and body vehiclesCultural and ethnic variations within same faculties
Number of DivisionsSeven major Root Races totalSeven Sub-Races within each Root Race

Etymology

The term 'Root Races' is a compound English phrase, where 'Root' signifies origin or fundamental beginning, and 'Races' refers to distinct groups of humanity. While not directly derived from a single ancient root, its conceptual underpinning in Theosophy draws from esoteric traditions that describe cyclical ages and successive human types. The 'Root' aspect emphasizes the foundational nature of each evolutionary stage, implying that each race serves as the origin for subsequent developments, akin to the root of a plant nourishing its growth.

How to Practice This

While the concept of Root Races describes a macro-evolutionary process not directly actionable by individuals in the present, its practical application within Theosophy lies in fostering a broader understanding of human interconnectedness and spiritual evolution. Practitioners are encouraged to recognize the diverse evolutionary stages humanity has traversed, promoting tolerance and a sense of universal brotherhood. By studying the characteristics and spiritual lessons associated with each Root Race, individuals can gain insight into the collective spiritual journey and their own place within it, inspiring a commitment to ethical living and spiritual development aligned with the higher evolutionary trajectory of consciousness.

Connection to Manifestation

Root Races connect to manifestation through the principle that consciousness creates reality across evolutionary time scales. Each Root Race develops specific creative faculties, from the instinctual manifestation of early races to the mental and eventually spiritual manifestation abilities of later races. The current Fifth Root Race is learning to consciously direct mental forces to create desired outcomes, while future races will develop even more refined manifestation abilities. Understanding Root Race evolution helps individuals align with humanity's collective spiritual development and consciously participate in the ongoing creative evolution of consciousness.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Root Race are we currently in according to Theosophy?

According to Theosophical teaching, humanity is currently in the Fifth Root Race, often called the Aryan Race. This race began approximately one million years ago and is focused on developing intellectual faculties and rational thinking abilities.

How long does each Root Race last?

Each Root Race spans millions of years according to Theosophical chronology. The entire cycle of seven Root Races takes place over vast cosmic periods, with each race having its own evolutionary purpose and timeline for development.

What happened to the previous Root Races like Atlantis and Lemuria?

Theosophy teaches that previous Root Races like the Lemurians (Third Root Race) and Atlanteans (Fourth Root Race) completed their evolutionary cycles and were succeeded by new races. Physical catastrophes marked transitions between races, but the souls continued evolving in new forms.

What abilities will the Sixth Root Race develop?

The coming Sixth Root Race is expected to develop intuitive wisdom and spiritual perception beyond current mental faculties. This race will supposedly have enhanced psychic abilities and direct spiritual insight rather than relying primarily on rational thought processes.

Are Root Races the same as human ethnic groups?

No, Root Races in Theosophy are evolutionary stages of consciousness development over millions of years, not ethnic or racial classifications. All current human ethnic groups belong to the Fifth Root Race regardless of physical appearance or cultural background.

Explore Further

Used by: Blavatsky