What is Karma?

UniversalConcept

Last updated: February 25, 2026

In New Thought and Theosophy, the subjective law of cause and effect. The accumulated consequences of past thoughts, words, and actions that shape present and future experience.

Karma in Theosophy represents the universal law of cause and effect governing all existence. This fundamental principle teaches that every thought, word, and action creates consequences that inevitably return to their originator across multiple lifetimes. Unlike fatalistic interpretations, Theosophical karma emphasizes personal responsibility and the soul's evolutionary journey through reincarnation, making it central to spiritual development and cosmic justice.

Understanding Karma in Universal

In New Thought and Theosophy, the subjective law of cause and effect. The accumulated consequences of past thoughts, words, and actions that shape present and future experience.

Karma, a fundamental principle across many spiritual and philosophical traditions, represents the universal law of cause and effect, asserting that every action, thought, and word generates a corresponding reaction. Within the Universal tradition, particularly New Thought and Theosophy, Karma is understood not merely as a punitive system, but as an impersonal, self-regulating cosmic mechanism that ensures balance and provides opportunities for growth and learning. This concept gained significant traction in Western esotericism through the works of figures like H.P. Blavatsky, who introduced a more nuanced understanding of its operation beyond simple retribution, emphasizing its role in individual evolution and the interconnectedness of all existence. Its significance lies in promoting ethical conduct, personal responsibility, and a conscious awareness of one's impact on the world and one's own future.

What the Teachers Say

Helena Blavatsky
The Key to Theosophy

Blavatsky presented karma as the absolute law of harmony in the universe, operating on physical, mental, and spiritual planes simultaneously. She emphasized that karma is not punishment but natural consequence, comparing it to a boomerang that returns with exact precision. Her teachings distinguished between individual karma and collective karma, showing how souls are bound together through shared experiences across incarnations. Blavatsky stressed that understanding karma liberates humanity from victim consciousness and empowers conscious spiritual evolution.

Annie Besant
Karma

Besant explained karma as the law of causation working through time, creating the circumstances necessary for soul growth and learning. She taught that karma operates through three distinct types: Sanchita (accumulated), Prarabdha (activated), and Kriyamana (being created). Her approach emphasized that while past karma shapes present conditions, conscious choice in each moment creates future destiny. Besant's interpretation focused on karma as divine compassion, providing exactly the experiences needed for spiritual advancement.

William Q. Judge
The Ocean of Theosophy

Judge presented karma as an inherent power of the thinking entity, operating through the principle of justice rather than mercy or forgiveness. He taught that thoughts are the most potent creators of karmic consequences, often more powerful than physical actions. His exposition emphasized that karma works through natural law rather than divine intervention, making each individual the architect of their own destiny. Judge stressed that proper understanding of karma eliminates both pride in success and despair in adversity.

Karma vs. Grace

While karma emphasizes earned consequences through the law of cause and effect, grace represents unmerited divine favor that transcends natural law. These concepts offer different perspectives on how spiritual progress and redemption occur.

AspectKarmaGrace
Operating PrincipleNatural law of cause and effect working automaticallyDivine intervention superseding natural consequences
Merit BasisConsequences earned through thoughts, words, and actionsUnearned blessing bestowed regardless of merit
Time FrameworkWorks across multiple lifetimes until balance is achievedCan provide immediate forgiveness and transformation
Individual AgencyComplete personal responsibility for all experiencesDependence on divine mercy and intervention
Justice ConceptPerfect mathematical precision in cosmic accountingCompassionate override of strict justice requirements

Etymology

The term "Karma" originates from Sanskrit, an ancient Indo-Aryan language. It derives from the root "kri," meaning "to do," "to make," or "to act." Thus, Karma literally translates to "action" or "deed," encompassing not only physical acts but also mental and verbal intentions. Over time, the term evolved to denote the spiritual principle of cause and effect, where actions determine future experiences.

How to Practice This

Practically, understanding Karma involves cultivating conscious awareness of one's thoughts, words, and actions, recognizing them as seeds for future experiences. Practitioners engage in self-reflection and meditation to identify and modify negative patterns, replacing them with positive, constructive ones. This often includes practicing mindfulness, cultivating compassion, and performing acts of service, all aimed at generating beneficial karmic imprints. The application of Karma also extends to forgiveness and releasing past grievances, as holding onto negativity is seen as perpetuating undesirable karmic cycles.

Connection to Manifestation

Karma profoundly influences manifestation by determining the conditions and limitations within which creative power operates. Past karmic patterns create the mental and emotional templates that shape present manifestation abilities, while current thoughts and intentions generate future karmic consequences. Understanding karma transforms manifestation practice from wishful thinking into conscious spiritual responsibility. Rather than contradicting the law of attraction, karma provides its ethical framework, ensuring that manifested desires align with soul evolution and universal harmony.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does karma work across multiple lifetimes?

Karma operates through the principle of continuity, where the soul carries forward the energetic imprints of all thoughts, emotions, and actions from previous incarnations. These karmic seeds manifest as tendencies, circumstances, and relationships in subsequent lifetimes, providing opportunities for learning and balance. The law ensures perfect justice across time, allowing souls to experience both the consequences of harmful actions and the rewards of beneficial ones.

Can karma be changed or dissolved?

While past karma cannot be erased, its effects can be modified through conscious spiritual practice and right living. Understanding the law of karma empowers individuals to create positive karma while consciously accepting and learning from challenging experiences. Advanced spiritual practices like meditation, service, and wisdom cultivation can accelerate karmic resolution and prevent the creation of binding karmic debts.

What is the difference between individual and collective karma?

Individual karma results from personal choices and affects one's private circumstances, health, and spiritual development. Collective karma emerges from group participation in families, nations, races, or humanity as a whole, creating shared experiences like natural disasters, wars, or cultural movements. Individuals experience both types simultaneously, as personal karma intersects with collective patterns.

How does karma relate to free will?

Karma provides the stage upon which free will operates, creating circumstances that reflect past choices while allowing new decisions in each moment. Past karma influences present conditions and tendencies but never eliminates the power of conscious choice. The interplay between karmic inheritance and free will creates the dynamic process of spiritual evolution and personal responsibility.

Is karma the same as fate or destiny?

Karma differs fundamentally from fate because it results from personal choices rather than arbitrary cosmic decree. While karma creates tendencies and circumstances, it does not predetermine outcomes, leaving room for conscious response and spiritual growth. Destiny in Theosophy represents the soul's chosen evolutionary path, which karma serves by providing appropriate learning experiences.

In the Source Texts (2)

…hen people are happy, they usually become selfish, and automatically the law of Karma is set in action. Man often suffers loss through lack of appreciation.…
~THE LAW OF KARMA~ and ~THE LAW OF FORGIVENESS~ Man receives only that which he gives. ~The Game~ of Life is a game of boomerangs. Man’s thoughts, deeds a…

Explore Further

Used by: Blavatsky, Vivekananda, Cayce, Yogananda